10 - The Black Madonna with Courtney Hall Lee / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print.


Intro

Welcome to another episode of the Can I Say This At Church Podcast. I am excited that you're here today, excited for you to hear this. I had the privilege to speak with Courtney Hall Lee who is an author, blogger, an attorney, a Christian, she has many hats a bit of her background just briefly, and then we'll get into the conversation. Courtney graduated from Dartmouth College, she got her law degree from Case Western Reserve University, as she worked as an attorney in Ohio. And she's also pursued her graduate studies at Hartford seminary, she's written her first book, and it is out now and you should go buy it, it is well worth every dollar that you spend on it. The title of it is Black Madonna: a woman is look at the view of Mary of Nazareth. And so we talked about that a little bit. We talked about race, and slavery, and cultural appropriation and lament about the historicity of Mary and in different ways to view her. It is a fantastic conversation. And so I look forward to hearing it. So I will be quiet now.

Seth 1:42

Courtney, thank you so much for making the time to come on today.

Courtney

Oh, you're welcome. Thanks so much for having me, Seth. I appreciate it.

Seth

We were just joking a minute ago and unrelated. But I think it's odd that we're discussing the issues that are dealt with in your book, Black Madonna. And we're also recording on martin luther king day. So there's just a lot going on with with the church and in racial reconciliation, and how we view well, women considering I have three of those in my life. So I'm greatly excited for today's conversation.

Courtney, I'm sure there are many that that are maybe both unfamiliar with your book and or yourself. So can you kind of give us a background of kind of just kind of your story, what led you to being the woman that you are today and where you're at in life? And then kind of dovetail that into? What is the genesis of of your most recent work Black Madonna?

Courtney

Sure. Well, I have taken sort of a interesting path through a few different areas of career and experience and expertise. I grew up in western New York, I grew up in a very Catholic town, very Italian town, where I grew up thinking that all white people were Catholic in Italian and had big weddings and cookies and all that stuff. So that was sort of my religious frame of reference. But then also myself; I was raised, as, you know, a black Christian in the black church, and also some in sort of an evangelical church. So my theology was rooted in that place, and was obviously very different than all of the Catholic kids that I grew up around, I was really jealous of the first communion that they got to wear those little white dresses from JC Penney, and the veil and all of that, I thought that was just so magical and fascinating.

And I was familiar with communion, but I didn't, you know, kind of understand the reasons that they did things differently. And I went on to, I got a degree in English from Dartmouth College, I went to law school, it was 2002. And there were no good jobs out there. I didn't know what I wanted to do. And so I went to law school. I always find that people who are not attorneys are very quick to tell young people that there's a lot you can do with a law degree. And I sort of disagree with that.

Both laughter

I went on, I had a law practice. off and on for a short time, I met my husband in law school, and we got married and had our one daughter. And so over the years, you know, I just kind of spend some time with motherhood, attending seminary or doing some sort of theological study was always something that had been in the back of my head that I wanted to do, I wasn't entirely sure if I was called to church ministry, but I just loved learning about theology. I would stay up at night and go down the Wikipedia, rabbit hole reading about religion and all of these different deep theological concepts that just interested me in my spare time.

So I ended up moving to a neighborhood that was very close to Hartford Seminary, in Hartford, Connecticut, and I decided to enroll. And it was just everything that I wanted it to be, I really just dove into learning about theology, in this academic sense. And it was at that same time that the idea for this book started brewing, we moved into a city neighborhood, and I ended up sending my daughter to a Catholic school. So it sort of brought me full circle with my daughter having this experience of being a black Protestant girl, in this Catholic classroom, and the kids were actually getting ready for their first communion in second grade. And so she was bringing home a lot of what she was learning, she learned the rosary, she learned the Hail Mary, they had, you know, the May crowning of Mary ceremony in May.

And it was interesting for me, with my background that was sort of taught A: very little about Mary; B: you know, what I knew was to be kind of wary of treading into some, you know, sort of sketchy theological ground, you know, Catholics, they pray to Mary, and we don't do that. And so it was really my daughter's experience and trying to figure out how to relate to her, and what she was learning about Mary, which really excited her, that brought me to wanting to tell this story and to dive into this book of what Mary means for me.

Seth

Yeah, well, I'd like to probably end our conversation with the answer to that question, if you if you're willing. So kind of my background, I grew up in Southwest Texas, around mostly Hispanic and Latino / Latina population. And then I moved to Central Virginia, and many of my friends are African American. Now, it's a decent mix. But I know I am the minority in that. And so as I was reading some of your early, your stories about are working, and you were in the wrong neighborhood, and whatnot. And so part of what you wrote about just broke my heart, because I hear my friends say that, you kind of silo that as well, it's fine, you know, it was just them. And then you continue to read it and continue to read it. And in the world we live in, it continues to happen. And it makes me just makes me so sad. And I feel like I've been sheltered from that.

And so you talk in your book a bit about motherhood during American slavery, and I feel like people tread so lightly around those waters. And you didn't? Can you just briefly touch on that? I think it is important for people to hear kind of that history, and how that relates to the stereotypes of black women. I'd never heard the mammy stereotype as you talk about it. And so I was hoping you could speak about that a little bit?

Courtney

Sure. Sure. You know, I've always felt and I don't know if it was what I was taught by my parents, or what I've picked up just in my black community that where we are today was very much shaped by what happened to us during the experience of slavery. And you know, the adults in my life always explain that some of the things that are held against black people today, like not having marriages, before children and things like that, and maybe the black women are seen as being loud or overweight, some of these stereotypes come from things that were born out of American slavery.

And I think for those reasons, I was taught not to be ashamed of the ways that we were different. And to also just be very aware of the ways that black people have been viewed in this country has been really shaped and twisted through this, this lens. You know, one of the things as a black woman that has always sort of haunted me was the sexual abuse of black women during slavery. And again, that's something that people really don't talk about.

You know, for instance, in this age of, you know, ancestry.com and 23 & me, all African Americans that I know, we know that when we put our stuff in there that it's going to come back that we're mostly of an African descent, but that most of us are going to be anywhere from 10 to 15%. European and, you know, for black people, it's just common knowledge that we share ancestry with white people, but it's not through any sort of melting pot of interracial marriage, it was through sexual abuse of black women during slavery.

And so for me, I did feel it was really important to talk about that openly to tackle it. It's something that, for me has never been hit in. And it hasn't been hidden in my circles. But I do know that with other people, it is something that's not talked about, because it's very difficult. So that's really why I wanted to, to address it. And I do feel that black womanhood in particular, because of the fact that we systemic endured that abuse, that our families were very broken by slavery, their children were taken away, and they were had, they had to learn to improvise a mother and a different way.

And their faith was a big part of that. I think that, you know, black women during slavery grabbed a hold of the Christian faith that they were exposed to in slavery as a way to sort of cope and deal and live with hope in this really difficult situation.

And you mentioned things like the mammy stereotype. You know, these are things that were born out of slavery that I think many people don't really even know, are very pervasive.

I think the, you know, the quintessential mammy stereotype would be from something like Gone with the Wind, you know, the mammy was a big hoop skirt and a jet chief, was very motherly, you know, kind of had this mother with, and mothered white children, quite honestly. I know that in the modern movie, the help, they got into that a little bit that black women would leave their own kids at home to go work as domestics for white families and spend all the time and energy raising their children.

So, you know, just some of these things, I think are really woven into the way that black women are perceived today, in the media, in art, and by other people. And for myself, it's affected the way that I've seen myself as a black woman. So growing up in this country with some of these insidious images that are in there: all black women are always fat, or they're loud, or they're angry, I often changed my behavior, to try to negate that, you know, I'm like, I want to, I want it to be super feminine.

And I wanted to have a certain body type. And I think because of growing up around a lot of white people and white images, I was really affected by these sort of these sorts of images, subconsciously, more than I realized. And so that's why in this book, I really did want to sort of dig down in there and really get into it and lay it out and try to make sense of it. Because I think that for myself and for many other black women, this is sort of the essence of, of our identity. And therefore that's where we approach our faith from, it's from a very different place than for instance, from the traditional white church or a Catholic church with a very white blue eyed Mary. And so, you know, it was really important for me to lay all this out here to to not shy away from it at all.

Seth

I am curious, obviously, I'm not black, I am white. And so I know, my wife, and I have conversations about how we talk about our children and how they treat other people. And it is funny that my son didn't realize there were black people until somebody told him at school, because it's not really a conversation my my wife and I have because we could care less what your skin color is. But then he's like, Oh, he's the black kid at school. I was like, Well, why is he black? You know, so we have that conversation. And so how, being that you have a younger child, and I don't know, specifically my talk about your child, just that's not fair to her.

But what would you say to mothers that are listening to this, or fathers that are listening to this, that that is something they can take home, to actively not counteract the stereotype. But acknowledge it it's obviously going to exist, but to work through it in a way that hopefully when our children are our age, it is it is no longer the stereotype it is more loving, and our relationships are more honest, and more open and more homogenous?

Courtney

I would say that I just think it's important for parents to kind of channel some bravery to be proactive about some of these topics. You know, like you mentioned that it wasn't something that came up and I, you know, I totally understand that. But from my perspective, as a black parent, I felt that it was something that has been really important to weave into our conversation from the get go; because I didn't kind of want her to run into any surprises.

And so I think that finding ways to be really intentional about the ways that race and images of other types of people come into your home is a big help my daughter, you know, Disney Princess, and all of that, you know, she went through all of that when she was a little bit younger. And it was very special to her that Princess Tiana was this black princess.

And so you know, she had the dolls and those stuff in her room. And she once said to me, I noticed that Tiana is my favorite. But I also have Ariel and Rapunzel and all these other ones. But my other friends, they never have Tiana. And I really was struck by that the fact that she noticed that. And so I think for parents to, you know, really keep that in mind to remind themselves that even though it's something that maybe they haven't had to think about on a daily basis, there are many of us who have had to think about that. And so I think just being aware and keeping a memory and being really intentional about what you expose your kids to, with some purpose is important.

Seth 15:29

Yeah, that's good. Thank you for that. We're gonna get back to Mary a little bit. So I learned quite a bit. I read your book directly after I read. Dr. Kyle Roberts was Mary a virgin, I think it's called a complicated pregnancy. And between those two books, there's just a lot of history of Mary, that me growing up in Southern Baptist, I did not get any of that. And it's fascinating. And you talk a little bit about the Maryology and the Biblical Mary, there is a distinction. And you say it was the clash of Nestorious of Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria, and I probably missed those words up. But there was an argument in the early church of whether or not Mary is a Christ-bearer, or a God-bearer. And so why is, I guess, what are those two distinctions for those that are unfamiliar? And then why is that important?

Courtney

Right. And, you know, first of all, I agree that I also didn't grew up learning much about Mary. So I learned a lot as I was researching this book. And so that is a topic that was really fascinating. And but it's very, it's very confusing. There's a lot of nuance. So this disagreement between the Neetorious and Cyril of Alexander about whether or not the nature of Jesus was fully man, fully divine, in an inseparable sense, versus that his humanity and his god-ness had some subtle distinction.

So it was really this question about the nature of Christ and the early church fathers trying to make sense of that and figure out what it is exactly that they felt Christians should believe. And I think that Mary gets mixed up in this because if we're looking at, you know, Jesus’ nature as fully human and fully divine then what role does this human woman have in this? So I think that the Christ bearer was a reluctance to name Mary as preeminent to God, to God the Father in any way or his pre existing to God, because I think that one could easily see, well, if God was God, and then God had a mother who birthed him, that kind of hierarchically puts her in a place that's theologically uncomfortable for a lot of people and and i think in traditional Orthodox Christian beliefs, making her the Christbearer, the bearer of the man Christ, I think, could make people a little more comfortable, in a certain way.

The church ended up coming down on being comfortable with theotokos or the godbearer concept. And that was based on sort of the inseparable nature of Christ as God, and man, and since Mary bore Christ than she was, in essence, bearing God.

Now, all of that being said, I, personally, I still think this stuff is so amorphous, and, you know, I understand why it was so difficult for them to kind of figure out exactly what we believe. And I do believe that what we believe is very important. But it's also just, it's so esoteric, and it's so chicken and egg(y) and all of that. And so, for me, it's not necessarily a huge question. But how we get there, I think was, was really interesting.

And it's good that I think the church kind of parsed through this. And I think that, for me, Mary has made clearer the Incarnational aspect of Christ, the fact that he was a man that it reminds me of that because for us, as you know, post-Easter people, Christ is risen. And it's a very lofty idea.

But the fact that he came through a woman's body, and was burst into an earthly situation, I think, helps ground that, that human part of Christ for me, and I think that that's one of the reasons that Mary is such a crucial part of the story.

And it gets really messy, you know, because the virgin birth is a source of doubt for people. So that sort of segues into this entire, you know, second conversation. And so I think it is important for us to have these theological conversations. And if you dive into this stuff from these, these historical church fathers, and from these, you know, academic theologians, it can get, to me just really, really muddy. And so, you know, I tried to keep it as simple as possible and not to get too bogged down because it could, it could drive you a little bit crazy I think it's just a lot of cyclical, a lot of cyclical thinking. So I just like to remember what Mary's role is and showing me who Jesus is to me.

Seth 20:39

Yeah, and this just struck me, just as you were speaking, so our church is preaching now and this, will come out later, but the Sunday that we just had yesterday was was talking about what good can come from Nazareth. And, and I know many churches are preaching on on the lectionary over the next few years. So I find it, I don't know what the word is not circumstantial, but neat, I guess, for lack of a better word that, that you speak in your book, a little bit of the social class of those that were from Nazareth. And just that people from there were just not not worth anything?

Courtney

No, I that's correct. And I think that, you know, I heard that as well, that, that that's been the text in the lectionary recently, what good could come out of Nazareth, this was not a glamorous place. This was a real “wrong side of the tracks”, sort of place. And the class that Mary and her husband Joseph came from, was a real low station back in a in an age when class kind of meant everything.

And that's one of my favorite parts of the gospel is the fact that it was this type of family that was chosen to sort of steward this miracle into the world that it wasn't, you know, some shining King, like, look at a King David.

I think that for the Jewish people, when they were waiting for their Messiah, they were waiting for someone like King David, who was going to come in very shiny and on a horse and King like and triumphant. And instead, what we're given, it's almost like the exact opposite, you know, these poor people from a place that has a bad reputation.

And that, to me, is just one of the coolest things about the gospel! That it was, you know, the it was these people who were chosen. So for me, I just think that, I think that that's amazing, I think it's an amazing thing to remember, kind of as we're looking at people and as we're figuring out our role as the church in this world with so much, you know, just inequality and wealth inequality and, you know, racial and ethnic problems throughout the world. The sort of keep this in mind where, where it all began for Jesus on Earth.

Seth

I find it the glorifying to Jesus, that all of this is having to be re-brought up. And it's all kind of, at least for me, everything that I'm learning now is all kind of convalescing into one period of time. But I guess everyone could probably say that, for whatever they're dealing with. But it just seems like both the the story of Nazareth, the story of Mary and Jesus, and the way that we treat those that are beneath us, those that aren't of the same skin color, the different socio-economic classes, I feel like it might be more relevant today than it was even 100 years ago, mostly because everyone is so aware of it. And I think it was always a swept under the rug.

Courtney

No, you know, I agree. And you know, even as a woman of color in this country who was raised to be aware of our racial past, I do think that there's something going on right now, that does seem different.

And again, it's really sort of serendipitous that it's Martin Luther King Day. I think that for a lot of people, I know for a lot of my white friends, and even for a lot of my black friends that there's this concept that Martin Luther King came sort of like this racial Savior, and then he fixed everything, and then it was okay. And so now all of that is in the past.

And I think that, you know, some of what's been going on in the world lately has reminded people that that's not the case that, you know, sort of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. I think even for a lot of black people, we thought, okay, that's where we got our legal rights we got past Jim Crow. And I think black families started concentrating on other things, understandably, like getting higher levels of education, building wealth, you know, sort of moving into the suburban neighborhoods away from our traditional black culture.

And I think there's been a bit of a wake up call that we haven't been doing as well with this as we thought we were doing for both black people and white people. I think that there's been a wake up call lately. And it's really fascinating to me, and I'm interested to see sort of where God is taking us right now. Because I think there's a lot that's being stirred up.

Seth 25:07

Yeah, I agree. I was speaking with an extended family member a few months ago. And I had asked them, I said, you know, how is it that our parents can believe so vehemently, just things that are on their face wrong, yet they raised a generation that lovingly reproachfully say,

“Mom, you can't? No, that's not right.”

And I find it odd that a generation so staunchly one way, has raised an entire generation that is socially, or at least, it seems, in my mind, socially looking for justice, as opposed to the status quo.

You talk in your book a bit about the very little that we actually know about the biblical Mary, or the historical Mary. And particularly, I'm interested in the Gospel of James, mostly because you speak on it. But I also had never heard about this text until about my third year at college, just because it wasn't in my Bible. I didn't know that the Apocrypha was a thing until I accidentally found it. So can you speak on that a bit?

Courtney

Sure, sure. And, you know, I had a similar experience that the Apocrypha was just not a thing for me, it was nothing that I had any familiarity with. And when we looked at our four gospels, in our version of the Bible, we don't get much Mary, we really don't. And so, you know, I think that for Protestants, because we've been so Scripture based and into bringing anything extra into the picture, that that's part of the reason that Mary's gotten kind of the brush off, because there's very little of her there.

But then when I looked at these other gospels, like James, where they really dove into her backstory a little bit more, and it's, it's really interesting that people were thinking about her at the time that these different gospels were being written, and that someone felt that it was important enough to record Mary's backstory for, you know, for the early Christian church.

And so the gospel of James was just really fascinating to me, I had not heard any of the story of, you know, sort of Mary's parentage, and her going into the temple and all of these things that sort of in certain ways, what they put in here, mirrored a bit of Jesus' childhood of being born or chosen one from area was in a different way, but still being a chosen one being seen as a special child being presented in a temple, and all of these different things.

And so it's also as I read it, it's difficult for me, you know, as somebody who was raised with a very strict and inerrancy view of the Bible to kind of figure out what where does this? Where does this fit into the narrative for me, but what I do is I take from it, the fact that there have been Christians who felt it was important enough to write her story down and to give us this deeper look at her. And so, I love reading the other gospels, it's just good information. To me, I think that as Christians, we read all sorts of stuff that's outside of Scripture. So reading these other gospels, I think can really enrich the way that we engage with the text that we have.

And for someone like Mary, there's so little of her in our four gospels, and this helps me kind of imagine what her life was like, and what her life was bringing her to, you know, this visit by the angel and being given this crazy job. Something like the gospel of James tells me why she might have been full of faith enough to say, Yes.

So it's really interesting. And I also found it very interesting when I realized that the stories about Mary that we get in the Gospel of James, really closely mirror the stories of Mary in the Quran, and the Islamic tradition, which is something that I knew nothing about. And so I do not, I consider myself to be an Islamic scholar, but I did the best I could with learning and reading. And it was just so interesting to me how much of that overlaps with the Gospel of James.

And so it really just teaches us that when the church was younger, and when these other faiths were brewing in the Middle East, there was a lot of pieces in motion, you know, we didn't get this church drop down here in America with this Bible, written in English, in this order. There were a lot of people that predated us with a lot of different experiences and different cultures and religions. But that this story has remained important throughout all of it.

Seth

What are some of those things some of the relatable or similar stories about Mary from the Quran to our scriptures?

Courtney

Well, Mary, in the Quran, you know, it did line up with James, we got a little bit more of her backstory, and the fact that she was, you know, just this very special blessed girl. What I do like about Mary in the Quran is that we also get to hear a little bit more from her sort of internal monologue of what was going on, during this pregnancy. And during this birth, and in the Quran, she takes on that question of Jesus' fatherhood a little more openly than she does in our scriptures.

You know, we talked about the fact that Joseph didn't believe it, but then he was visited by an angel and he did. And we just kind of move on. Whereas in the Quran, we hear about how she's worried that her family is going to be really shamed by this and how they're going to address it. And the fact that they do…they wonder, you know, where is this baby from? Has Mary shamed us?

And one big difference in the Quran verses in the gospels is that there's a miracle Where's the baby Jesus and the Quran speaks up his mom and so sort of vouches for her purity and says, you know, this is who I am. And, you know, she was, you know, divinely conceived me.

What’s funny is when I was taking a class about Christ in seminary, there was actually a Muslim Student in our class, who we were talking about Jesus' birth in, in our Gospels and our four gospels, and also the time that he got lost at the temple. And he's like, Oh, yeah, that sort of reminded me of that time that Jesus was the baby and, you know, spoke up defending Mary's honor.

And we were all like, what, like, what happened? Yeah, that doesn't happen. What are you talking about?

So that's, you know, another one of those little things that sort of pushed me to want to learn more about Mary and the fact that she did, you know, mean a lot to these other people and other religions. It's like, Whoa, like, I totally didn't know that.

And I think that for all of the, you know, sort of religious uprising and the clashing that's gone on in our world, for thousands of years, that it was really important for me to realize that Mary kind of represented all three of those Abrahamic faiths. That she brings it all together, and in a place where there are still people living with all three of those faiths today. So it's just it's really fascinating that it's all more more connected than we realize.

Seth 32:31

I think I may have past over, probably one of the bigger questions, what exactly is the Black Madonna?

Courtney

Well, the Black Madonna, the way that I approached it, was sort of a play on words. A Black Madonna is known, traditionally, as an image of Mary, an icon of some sort that depicts her with darker skin.

So throughout the world, there have been these well known icons of black Madonna's, and it's always sort of asked, you know why is it that their skin is dark? Was it some sort of artistic or theological choice, or sometimes you get explanations like, “oh, the bronze on the statue, just oxidize, and it turned her black”.

Both

laughter

Courtney

So you know, this, this concept of the Black Madonna is something that has bubbled up throughout Christendom. And there's one in Poland, I believe, who is especially famous that people will make a pilgrimage to go to the church, where it's a plaque of a Madonna and a child. And it's got all sorts of jewels and things that have been added that is, you know, bit encrusted on and over the years, and people will go to admire the statue a few times a day, actually at this church and Poland.

But I, as a black woman, sitting here in America, black, the way that I use that word, the way I identify myself, as an African American person, thought, well, Black Madonna, that's kind of a cool phrase. Like, that's not like, you know, Black Madonna would be to me.

So for myself, I really started to wonder what would a Black Madonna, from a black American woman's standpoint look like? And that's what I started to think about the fact that she would have come through motherhood and slavery. And I thought about, you know, sort of the loneliness of where Mary came from what good comes out of Nazareth. And how that and also Jesus's death on the cross, that for black mothers in this generation, this fear of their children being unfairly murdered or targeted for their race is something that I think most people would not relate to the story of Christ at all. But it made me view Mary as this mom, who watched her son died, this really violent and unjust death.

And for me living in the 21st century, that just evoked a lot of what's been going on in the news in the past decade with a lot of, you know, racially motivated shootings and things like that.

So I set out to look for who was a Black Madonna in the way that I'm black, you know. Not the outside statues, or whatever it is, that was in that older tradition, I just took a hold of that term, and thought that it really had some meaning and wanted to take it a step further for, for black women, like myself,

Seth

It's like you knew where I was going. That's literally my next question, which starts with the quote of yours, which is, you say, in your book,

black women has all have always been able to identify with Christ's death on a cross, viewing his suffering as representative of their own.

And I mean, they tried to justify things, then they had the option to get Barajas, which justifiably, a horrible person, or it seems, seems at least what you read, that he deserved to be in his position. So how then as a woman? Well, let me ask a different question. So do you have to be black to identify with Mary in that way?

Courtney

No, I don't think so. I think that anyone who, you know, for instance, comes out of our American Christian tradition, and what this country has been through, I think, can and should possibly identify with Mary in this way. Because I think that, you know, this is kind of, in the American church, this stuff happened, this stuff was present in the past, and there were pastors and churches who justified slavery. And there were pastors and churches who fought against slavery.

And so for American Christianity, this is really mixed up in there. And, you know, I strongly believe that black history is American history. It's our history. And so I think, to take a hold of this idea of a Black Madonna; of a mother, who, you know, came through suffering, who came through a socially lowly place, it's an image that I think could be really honest, and also really healing for the American church.

You know, for me, I will welcome anyone you know, thinking about this figure, I think it's a way that helps us think a little bit about the pain in our, in our racial past. And in our Christian past.

Seth

how should we as a as a people, or as a nation, or as a generation, lament? I spoke about this a bit in an at church yesterday, when we were talking about joy, and someone brought up, you know, Easter and the death and resurrection. It's like we if all you do is skip straight to Easter, just skip straight to the resurrection.

You missed the lament of Friday, and the lament and the lack of faith and the willingness to embrace fear of Saturday. So how should we or how would you call us to lament in view of how Mary acted when you know, when she was rightfully upset at her son being you just demolished?

Courtney 37:45

You know, I think that for many of us, in the modern American church, I always use the phrase that we're, we're sort of taught this golden ticket Christianity. That Jesus died for our sins, that he is our personal Savior. And by taking these steps, we get to the end, the cool part that we get to go to heaven, and there's the joy and the resurrection.

But I believe that Mary, remembering her, helps us remember the lament part of that story, it brings it back to Earth, it brings it back to images of real people of real bodies, when you think about the fact that Mary gave birth to Jesus, she nursed this baby, she care for this boy, she worried about him, she had dreams for him. She had real fears for him. And then at the end, she had to stand and watch him die in this very real and violent and bloody way.

For us, I think it's just important not to skip over that, you know, sort of, for two reasons. For one reason that, you know, to skip that doesn't encapsulate the whole story to brush past the pain and want to go to the joy I think, really cheapens our story really cheapens the story of our faith. And on the other hand, I also feel that it's really easy to want to jump to Jesus and this guy to this, you know, sort of triumphant figure without remembering the fact that he was fully human on Earth, and paying careful attention to what he did what he said during his life leading up to this this terrible death, and that he did face this death.

So I think that remembering the lament is something that I think come naturally to the black church. I think that there's a stereotype of black churches of having a very boisterous enjoy us worship, which is true. But at the same time, there has always been this lament and for, you know, what the black people see themselves going through on earth, and holding on to that part of the story, I think, just has so much value for all Christians, I think it's just really important.

Seth

Yeah, I will say when I was at a college, I went to few black churches every once in a while with some friends on the dorm. And those were the most fun services. And I wonder if they are more joyful, because they view a better, more truthful version of lament, at least for their forefathers in their history and their faith. I never actually put those two together, but there might be some truth to that.

Courtney

Yeah,

Seth

Towards the tail end of your book, and I will not be able to remember all the names, but there was like Elizabeth Johnson, and, gosh, I can't remember all the names yourself, and many other women that are kind of forefront and pushing a message of a womanist theology, as opposed to I guess, a patriarchal theology.

And you say that we need a different hermeneutics for a womanist theology. And so I was hoping you could speak a bit about what that is what a womanist, theology is, as opposed to the traditional patriarchal view. And then what is that hermeneutics? How do we get there? And and why? Why do we need? It's not a good question, but once we have it, what, how can it work side by side with what we already have; or does it need to usurp that?

Courtney

Right, I think that a womanist theology is sort of an academic term that encompasses black, American, women's, Christianity, and all of all of what that means. And that is its own sort of living, breathing thing outside of this big, patriarchal, patriarchal church tradition that came out of Rome and out of Europe.

I think that for black people, a lot of the time, people will say, and people, and I've asked myself, this, is this a faith that was just sort of thrust upon us, by slavery, you know, we wouldn't have necessarily been Christians if we were still in Africa, and this hadn't happened in this particular way.

But I think that that's why grabbing onto this feminist theology is so so vitally important, because it's a specific experience of Christianity, that's just wrapped up with identity. And for me, you know, right or wrong like that, that's just the only way that I can come to the table.

My identity is just such a big part of my experience, that's sort of a starting place for my faith, and the starting place where where I do my theology. So that's, in a way, what I see womanist theology as and part of looking at things through a womanist lens is, is about the hermeneutics, hermeneutics meaning, you know, kind of how you approach the Scripture, how you approach the text, and what some people call it is approaching it with a hermeneutics of suspicion, which I think is really important. I think some people hear that and they might, might shy away and think, Oh, I guess she's saying don't, to question the text or to want to change what the text means. But I think that, to approach it as it is, without all of the baggage of other stuff, and people with other agendas, and what they've brought to the text, coming to the text with our specific experience is an important thing. And that we all we all have a kinship and an ownership to the text is not Christianity is not a white religion.

That's what writing this book really helped be sort of heal and reconcile that this phase it's not about whiteness, it's not about the white church. It's not about the way that scripture was interpreted to justify slavery, and some things like that. It's something different entirely. I know the black theologian, Howard Thurman was quoted as saying that his mom, I believe, his mom said that she didn't like those parts, in Paul's letters that people use to justify slavery. And she's like, well, I'm just not going to read that anymore. And, you know, I can understand wanting to feel that way. But for me, it's reading it, it's grabbing it and saying, Okay, this is what it says, Now, what we don't have to look at it from this one side, through the eyes of the powers that have always sort of been in charge. So you know, for me, it's a beautiful thing. And like I said, I see it as myself as a black woman.

But I think that for all peoples to really sort of challenge what is in the text, what is in our faith, what was Jesus's message versus some of the other stuff that's been sort of unfairly attached to it so that approaching the text with that suspicion, or also just with an open mind, or what this little baggage is possible, is really key.

Seth

For those that are listening, go and buy this book? I promise you it is fantastic. And it's heartbreaking. And eye opening, and you'll learn something, and I think it's important. Courtney, thank you for writing it. And I'm sure you've gotten vitriol from from half of the people that have read it saying you're doing a disservice. And I'm sure you've gotten praise from others. But I appreciate you writing it. I enjoyed it much.

Courtney

Thank you, I appreciate that.

Seth

Yeah, and so obviously, you can get the book on Amazon, most likely to the publisher, as well. And I'll have links to that in the show notes. Before I ask you the final question, Where else would you point people to, to engage in this topic to engage in, in the world that we live in through this lens? Where would you point people to for that,

Courtney

Believe it or not one of the first places I would point people to is Twitter, I think that I was telling someone that I think some of the best theology in the country right now is being done on Twitter. So you can find me on Twitter @CourtRhapsody, and shout out to me and I can maybe think of some people that I think would be good to follow. There are some people doing really good work there, who are real people who want to, you know, engage, and then talk about this stuff.

Also, there's a whole slew of academic work by black women. If you just look womanist theology up on Amazon, you'll find, you know, people like Emily Townes, she's a great ethicist and Katie Cannon, who was a theologian who I had the opportunity to hear speak recently, who just has some real powerful things, you know, they're out there. And so just look a little further when, if you're in school, question, your syllabus, you know. Look and see who's writing all this stuff are these people looking all too much the same? And, and maybe inquire, you know, there are other other thinkers out there, there. There's Latin topics, liberation thoughts, there's just so much out there, just you just have to look and find it.

Seth

And then so final question, what is one thing that that those listening or those that will listen can do, either with their children with themselves with their church? That would be one thing that we could take forward into the coming days, weeks, years, months, that would help to repair our history, but also help to grow the kingdom?

Courtney

That's a big question.

Seth

Just one thing.

Courtney

I think that, you know, I'm going to tie it back to the lectionary to remembering the origin of what started all of this, that Jesus came from Nazareth, that he was born and to a socially lowly family and the fact that God chose that for a reason. And to not forget that as we move forward, as a people as a church, you know, it glorifying the kingdom is, this is a wonderful thing.

And it's very attractive to look at it, from this place of everything is going to be okay, everything's already okay. But to really approach our face with an openness and with an honesty. And I think remembering where this story began of this woman, Mary and her son Jesus, is an easy way to take to keep challenging our thinking in the church.

Seth

Well, I think that's a great spot to end.

Courtney, thank you so much for your time today. Thank you for your book, and we look forward to the next time we talk with you.

Courtney

Oh, you're so welcome. Thanks so much for having me, Seth.

Outdo

Music for today's episode was provided with permission. From artists Cassidy Best. Please support her work. She has albums in Spotify and an iTunes. You can find more information about her at her website. wwwCassidybest m.com. The music is fantastic. And I think you'll enjoy it.

Thank you so much for listening. I would ask for your feedback. please email us at Can I Say This At Church at gmail. com interact with us on Facebook, and Twitter. Your feedback only helps to make the show better. If you have liked in any way or if you engaged in any way, please consider going to our Patreon page you can find that at Can I Say This At Church. com is a big huge button up there. Your donations help so much and your help willing sure that we can continue to have these open, honest conversations. We'll see you in the next episode.

9 - Sinners in the Hand of a Loving God with Pastor Brian Zahnd / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print.


Intro

Welcome back to another episode of the Can I Say This At Church Podcast. I am so happy to present this episode to you today I got to speak with Brian Zahnd, he is founder and the pastor of the Word of Life Church, which is in St. Joseph, Missouri he’s been there his entire career and he's written many books. We discuss today Sinners in the Hand of a Loving God, which I highly recommend you go purchase. But if you want to know a little more about him, I would recommend probably Water to Wine, which is his story of how he came to be where he is now, theologically. This conversation is, I think, needed and a bit challenging. Being that we live in America. I think it's an important conversation. So without any other further, me, Pastor Brian Zahnd.

Seth

Brian, thank you, or I'm sorry, Pastor Zahnd which would you prefer?

Brian

Brian is fine,

Seth

Thank you for being on today. I've been excited about this ever since you said you'd come on. So I'm greatly excited to talk to you today. The topic at hand would be your most recent book: Sinners in the Hands of a Loving God. Before we get into that, though, I'm certainly there will be some people that are unfamiliar with some of the work that you do. So can you kind of give me just a just an overview of yourself and how you came to be, you know, to do the work that you do both at your church now and then kind of what led you to write this book?

Brian

Well, I have pastored one church for 36 years. And I never really set out to be a pastor, I think I'm an accidental pastor. I had a dramatic encounter with Jesus when I was in high school. And I went overnight from being the high school Led Zeppelin freak to the high school Jesus Freak. And then by the time I was 17, I was running a coffeehouse ministry that eventually turned into our church. And I've been doing that for 36 years. And I started writing, at least seriously, I started writing, I think, in 2009. And I've written six books, I'm working on the seventh right now. And so I'm a pastor. I traveled extensively these days, partly because I can, our church is strong and stable, and I've got good staff and I can be gone at times. And I speak at a lot of conferences and seminaries and colleges and churches, and so I travel a lot as well. So I kind of got three gigs going on, Pastor, writer, speaker.

Seth

Yeah, that's a lot of that's a long time to be a pastor, especially at one church. You see so many pastors, they'll bounce around. How now, assuming that's not every Sunday, that's got to be, I don't know, 4000 or 5000. sermons, probably more.

Brian

Well, I have written I can tell you the exact number. I've written 3345 sermons, but I have preached far more than that, because you know, you read them all times. I've preached a lot a few thousand times something like,

Seth

I'm glad you enjoy it. And I've been listening to some of your stuff recently, on your church's podcasts where they reproduce those, and I've enjoyed them. So a brief intro on the book. So I recently finished reading this, I didn't intend to do it in one sitting. But that's what happened. It’s very easy reading good. It's a great good read. So can you kind of give me an intro of what made you want to write your most recent book sinners in the hand of a loving God?

Brian

Well, I would say it is my experience as a pastor, not only as a pastor, but as someone on this journey as well. I picked up some of the pathologies of the angry God theology along the way. I mean, they're just out there. I mean, it's part of the Puritan soul, that is America.

America has a Puritan soul, by which I mean, it shapes the way we think about God and mean even atheists or Puritan atheists. What I mean is in America, the God that atheists don't believe in is the Puritan God, which is too often depicted as an angry, violent retributive God. So I had to work my own way out of that.

And as a pastor, I just see how many people are crippled to a certain extent, in their faith, by inheriting an idea that God is, in fact, angry, violent and retributive. So I think I wrote, I think it's a very pastoral book. I mean, it's theological in nature. But it's not…I didn't write at an academic level, because I wanted it for just, you know, the common person to be able to read it. So it's theological in topic, but it's pastoral in the way that it's written. So that's, that's what I was trying to do there.

Seth

And so you referenced yourself being on journey. When did that journey start for you? I guess, when did you begin to question a, for lack of a better word of vehemently, aggressively abusive God?

Brian

Probably around the turn of the century 2000. But then I really began to really rework a lot of my theology and that's the story, I tell them my memoir, Water to Wine. And that really, I really began to go public with some of the theological spiritual transitions that I was going through in 2004, which, to me seems like yesterday, but of course, it's 14 years ago now. So I've been on this journey for quite a while and honestly Seth, I hear from pastors most days, more days than I don't, I will get some message in some form or another from some pastor who is also on this spiritual transition.

Some people speak of it as destruction. I don't like that phrase, too aggressive and violent. I like my metaphor, water to wine. I like the idea of, we're restoring a precious artwork that has been kind of spoiled by a patina of grime that we're now trying to recover. So it's been a big part of my own life over the last decade and a half, two decades, of rethinking a lot of what I picked up along the way. Hmm, it's been good. It's been good for my soul. It's been good for churches.

Seth

So I have to imagine, well, I'm here in Central Virginia. And I know if our pastors shift theologically, in a way, it sounds like you had of a traditional, “fundamentalist” God, to what your views are now, how did that go over? What happened in your church?

Brian 7:55

The people that loved it, loved it, and the people that hated it, hated it. I lost 1000 people.

Seth

Oh, my, oh, my.

Brian

So I tell people look, in my estimation, Word of Life Church as the church is today, half the size and twice as good. Or 10 times as good. I, you know, it's, it's a good church. And, and during the real tumultuous period of, let's say, 2005/6/7/8, it was hard. And it was scary. And it was painful. I speak of that now in the past tense, but you know, I made it through there. But I'm in a relatively small city, you know, we're less than 100,000 people. And if you lose 1000 members in a church

Seth

that's big.

Brian

What it means is, if you go to the grocery store, you see them.

If you do it, right, you can see them on aisles, 1 through 10.

And so that was a painful time, but it was, you know, we just had to go through that transition. So how was it received? The people that were able to go on that journey and make that transition, they will tell me regularly, in a very appreciative way, that they're so thankful; it's changed their life. Others, you know, I guess they decided I was Lucifer.

Seth

Right.

Yeah, I've gotten some of that as well, some from close personal friends, at least from college that we went to, I went to Liberty. So I've got friends that at least are thinking about God, and many of them are like, I don't know what you're doing, Seth. But you're, you're slipping, you're doing something wrong. But I've never felt more alive.

Brian

So I know exactly what you're talking about.

Seth

The title of the book is a play on words of the Jonathan Edwards sermon. And so for those that are unfamiliar, and I think a lot of people are unfamiliar, and they didn't know that they weren't, can you kind of go in how you're jumping off from from Jonathan Edwards?

Brian

No doubt about it. Sinners in the hands of an angry God is the most significant sermon in American history. So even if people haven't actually read the sermon, they've been influenced by it, because it just got into the spiritual DNA of America.

A lot of people have read it, though, because it shows up for whatever reason, it's sort of a stock example of creative writing. And a lot of high school students will find it in a high school literature class. And maybe just to give you….I think I'm just going to read part of it.

Seth

Okay.

Brian

So that you get an idea. This is a sermon that was preached in 1741, part of what's called the Great Awakening. And I know it's just continued to have a life almost over. So and I want to say right off, it's not necessarily indicative of everything that Jonathan Edwards preached. He did a lot of beautiful stuff, and the foreword to this book addresses that.

So I'm not really so much contending with Jonathan Edwards as an entire scope of his ministry. But you know, he did preach this sermon, it did have a lasting impact, it continues to influence the American religious imagination. So yeah, that's that's what I used for a, a title. Edwards sinners in the hands of an angry God, it probably the most famous passages is known as the spider passage and it goes like this.

The God that holds you over the pit of hell. Much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over a fire, abhors you and is dreadfully provoked. His wrath toward you burns like fire. He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire. He is of pure eyes than to have to bear you in His sight. You are 10,000 times so abominable in his eyes, as the most hateful, venomous serpent is in ours.

Lovely stuff, right?

Seth

10,000 times!

Brian

I'm going to read one more passage. Because this is the part that really, and see our hearers don't know that I was very influenced by this. In fact, I made my own…I don't think I have it here. But I made my own little copy of this. I photocopied pages out of a collected work, collected works, Jonathan Edwards and I fashioned my own little homemade, cut and paste and that's when cut and paste was done with scissors and glue. And I made this little pamphlet, where I highlighted I memorized passages of this, I would use this kind of rhetoric, to engage in what I would now describe as evangelism by terrorism.

But here's, here's a passage, Edward says,

It would be dreadful, to suffer this fierceness and wrath of Almighty God one moment, but you must suffer it too. all eternity. There will be no end to this exquisite, horrible misery. When you look forward, you shall see a long forever a boundless duration before you which will swallow up your thoughts and amaze your soul and you will absolutely despair of ever having any deliverance, any end, any mitigation any rest at all. You will know certainly that you must wear out loan ages, millions of millions of ages, in wrestling and conflicting with this Almighty merciless vengeance. And then when you have done so, when so many ages have actually been spent by you in this manner, you will know that all is but a point to what remains.

And how about that blue line in their Almighty merciless vengeance. Okay. You can preach God like that. You can ransack the Bible and cobble together disparate Bible verses and paint that picture fear of God, that is a deity of almighty merciless vengeance. But the question remains, is it true? And I challenge that, and that's what the book is about?

Seth

Yeah, I mean, people have done that for millennia. I mean, Hitler found proof text and I mean, what's the name of the Baptist Church now that goes around protesting?

Brian

Westboro, they've come to our place twice. Lovely people.

Seth

You get a trophy after more than one I guess?

Brian

It's kind of like a badge of honor, isn't it?

Seth

But people have done that for forever. So I guess the question is, then, how do you reconcile the God of, I guess, the God of the Old Testament that does read more angry, at least to me, and at least in the children's Bibles that every with my kids. So how do you reconcile that?

Brian

So many stories that we think of as children's stories from the Bible are not children's stories? Noah and the flood is not a children's story.

Seth

Right.

Brian

But that’s what we do with it because you know its got animals?

Seth

No, I mean, and most of the copies of my Bibles are upstairs, they are children's Bibles, the copies on the bookshelf to my right they are regular Bible. So how do you reconcile then, that angry God of the Old Testament with the well with Jesus?

Brian

Well, okay, to begin with, I want to establish my orthodoxy. I confess that the living God, who is the God that Jesus called Abba, or Father, is also the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. So I don't think it's there are different gods, there are different views of God.

So I'm not a Marcionite, sometimes tag with that, I want to make that very clear. Marcion was a second century Christian heretic, who saw the problem, but his solution was far too radical outside the bounds of Orthodoxy. And he said, he saw that there seemed to be a difference between the Abba that Jesus speaks of and certain aspects of the violence and vengeance that you'd be pulled in the Old Testament deity. And Marcion’s solution was to say that the God of the Old Testament was a demiurge; kind of a malevolent deity. And his solution was to completely remove the Old Testament from the Christian canon of Scripture, but I don't do any of that.

I confess that Yahweh of the Old Testament is the Abba of Jesus and the God that Christians confess as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. But we do have to wrestle with some of the problems, we can't pretend there's not a problem there. And so my approach is to simply say, look, the Bible doesn't stand above the story it tells, but it's fully immersed in it.

The Bible itself is on the journey to discover the true Word of God, who is Jesus Christ. You can say it another way, the Old Testament is the inspired telling of Israel’s story of coming to know the living God. But along the way, inevitable assumptions are made because it is a journey. You don't get to Jesus in Genesis or Exodus, or Joshua, you have to get all the way to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John before you meet Jesus.

And so you have this kind of inspired don't mind using that word, diary of a people who are chosen by God, and God is revealing himself to them, but they also make their own assumptions about God. I think if you don't like that, if someone doesn't like that, then I can say, well, then what do you want to say? Do you want to say, “look, you know, we can we can talk about, we can talk about Canaanite genocide.”

Okay, so I can the Scriptures, I think most people know they're there, where the command is kill everybody, including the babies. So you have a Bible verse where God is depicted as commanding what today we would call genocide. Today, what we would call war crimes. So what do you do with that?

You can't pretend that it's not there and hope that you know, your teenagers don't find it.

It's there. So what do you want to say? Do you want to say, Well, God used to do that, but he doesn't do that anymore. Well, now you are saying, okay, what's happened is God changes. You're going to question the immutability of God. And that's, that's a far more radical solution than what I offer. I mean, there are people that embrace that. But you are really striking at the heart of what Christian theologians have always said about God. And one of the things that Christian theologians have consistently asserted is the immutability, that is the unchangeableness of God. God doesn't mutate.

So if you can say, “Well, no, God doesn't change”, then you can say, okay, so you're not…you don't want to question the immutability of God's some will then question the morality of God, by simply saying: “When God commands that it's not immoral”. But that that's asking me to violate my own conscience. I know killing babies is wrong. You know killing babies is wrong. Everybody listening to this podcast knows that killing babies is wrong.

And then the problem becomes, well, if God used to tell people to kill babies, you've left the door ajar for people who want to justify their own violence, by projecting it upon God. And that's not a theoretical problem that can arise, that kind of thing has happened throughout history. So if you're not going to, if you don't question, the morality of God, if you don't want to question the immutability of God, the only thing that remains is for us to question how we understand the inspiration of Scripture.

I say it's inspired. But one of the reasons the Bible reads the way it does, especially in the earlier parts of the Bible, is God is allowing his children to tell the story, and certain assumptions are made along the way.

Seth 20:15

Yeah, they're gonna have their own biases cook in a little bit. Here's my fear. My fear is my, my children are somehow indoctrinated with the same fear based version of the gospel that I was. And then like many my age, now, they just leave the church in 20 years, they just check out. And so that gospel or that salvation by terrorism, as you said earlier, how does a pastor or a parent someone in my position, talk to their children and read through the Bible in such a way that you don't filter it? And you're honest, but you're also not implying that, that God has to beat somebody for there to be salvation?

Brian

Well, you don't read, as a Christian, you don't read the Bible, the way you read other books. You know, I got books all around me pick up a book, what did you start page one, and you read the thing? That is not the way Christians approach the Bible? Let's think about it. What are the first 39 books of the Bible? What we call the Old Testament, but really what it is, it's the Jewish Bible.

And so you have to ask the question, why is the Jewish holy text, the Jewish canonical text, appended as this giant prequel to our Christian canonical text? Well, the answer is, Jesus is Jewish. And it tells the story of how we get to Jewish but it's Jesus that attracts us to begin with. So we don't start with Genesis, we start with Jesus. And that's who we're going to first introduce everybody to children, everybody, we're pumped by Jesus, Jesus, Jesus, he becomes, the filter through which we read everything.

And then the rest of it can read as a story that gets us to Jesus. But when push comes to shove, and you see apparent contradictions, you work them out the best you can. But if something has to give, it's not Jesus, it's everything else or anything else. So I say, I think part of what you do with children, is make sure that you have given them a very strong, vibrant, living picture of Jesus, who is endlessly winsome. Everybody's attracted to Jesus. I mean, think about it, that Christianity has, you know, innumerable critics, and some of them very sophisticated and very, let's say sophisticated right word in their arguments.

But even the most virulent critic of Christianity virtually never tries to sustain a criticism of Jesus Himself. Most critics of Christianity still admire Jesus. So just keep playing the Jesus card, just keep talking about Jesus. And then you know, when you run into some of these troubling passages, then you do something like, you know, well, what do you think Jesus would say about that?

You see the problem is, and this is a particularly Protestant problem, we have elevated the Bible, to an extent that we somehow think it's equal to Jesus, the Bible is not equal to Jesus. Jesus said this about the scriptures.

You search the Scriptures, because you think that in them, you have eternal life, but they are that which bear witness to me, but you won't come to me.

So when we say Word of God, as Christians, the first thing we should think is Jesus. And then in secondary and a pen, ultimate sense, we think scripture. Scripture is the word of God that bears witness to the true Word of God, who is Jesus. In other words, the Trinity is not Father, Son, and Holy Bible. And I say this is a Protestant problem. Well, it is because we're all products of a divorce, a 500 year old divorce, and in the divorce, and I'm not saying that the Reformation wasn't necessary. I mean, something had to give. But I mean, the Renaissance church was intolerably corrupt and something had to happen. But what we got was not just a reformation, we did get some reformation, but we definitely got a divorce. And we're the children of that divorce. And in the divorce settlement, we who are Protestants ended up with Protestant dad, make him the dad, and all Protestant dad got into divorce was the Bible in the Bible had to be everything. But the Bible can't live up to me and everything.

Mom got church and got tradition. When we don't want to have to hire at church theology, we don't want to have a very high ecclesiolology, we don't want to have any emphasis on tradition. The problem is, when you do that, you have no ability to really account for what the Bible isn't how it came to be. And it tends them to take on almost this life of its own becoming, essentially deified, which is a form of idolatry. The Bible is not divine in and of itself. It's a gift. It's inspired, but it's not a member of the Trinity.

Seth

Why do so many, I guess why do so many churches and ministers of many denominations, why do they still cling to this angry God mentality?

Brian

Why? I…let me think, why? I don't think there's any one answer. You know why they do this is not really something I raised in the book. I think some of it comes from an inability to have a sophisticated reading of Scripture. And they're afraid that if they don't place equal emphasis and give equal authority to every verse in the Bible, that somehow people are going to just end up pitching the whole Bible and walking away from the faith. To which I say, teaching people to read the Bible in a terrible way is a good way to ensure that when they get a little older and a little more sophisticated themselves, they may in fact, walk away from the faith. So I think part of it is how they have come to view the Bible that forces them to do that. I think other people, I think they just it is a way to control people, isn't it?

Seth

Yeah,

Brian

I mean, threat is, and threat of violence, and because of this is what this is, a threat of violence has always been a good way to control people.

Seth

Yeah, yeah. Well, I mean, that's, yeah, that's how you control animals. And anything else for that matter?

Brian

But it’s not the way of love.

Seth

No, definitely not. I think my kids sometimes when they're being punished would agree with that. That you're not being very loving. You're punishing me.

So you speak…there's a chapter in your book called Hell, and I believe it's got it next to me. It's called How to get there. How do I get there?

Brian

Well, Jesus tells you he doesn't he, he says things like,

if you don't care for the poor, the stranger, the imprison the sick, to the extent that you disregard them, you disregarded me.

And now there's some sort of consequence that comes from that. And he speaks of a fiery Gehena? That's Matthew 25. Now I'm not you know, I'm not ignorant, Seth, I know that that isn't what people want to think about hell, what they want to do is they want to, they want to, they want to have some sort of what they call literal hell, which they don't really don't mean literally mean figurative, but they think they mean literal, hell, and then and then then they want to, but and so they use Jesus because Jesus talks about hell.

He's the one that talks about hell all them talk about. But then they take a certain reading of Paul, which I think is a misreading of Paul, to find a way to escape held, Jesus talks about, so they don't let Jesus actually be a theologian himself. They don't take Jesus seriously. As a theologian Paul is the serious theologian, Jesus is a factor in a salvation equation, but they don't really pay attention to what Jesus Himself teaches about hell.

Seth

Which is what?

Brian

Well, okay, we got slow down here.

Seth

(laughter)

Brian

Here's the, we have this word hell, HELL. Well, of course, that's, you know, the word hell, HELL is not found in the Hebrew text or the Greek text. It's this dramatic word that we use. And it's sometimes it's how we, some translations have translated Sheol and Hades and Gehena that way. But the problem is, that word has picked up accumulated meaning down through the ages, from things like Dante's Inferno to a “chick track”. And then we read that back into the text. And we assume somehow, that what we've picked up later, along the journey through, you know, some fundamental Baptist hell-house at Halloween.

So then we read that back into the text, most of the time when Jesus is talking about what we would call help, not all of the time. Most of the time, though, he is talking in very descriptive language, about the impending doom awaiting Jerusalem, because they will not follow him in the way of peace. And it's quite specific. He says, they're going to march on you, the Romans, they're going to put up ramparts, they are going to lay siege to the city, and it's going to meet a fiery do the, the maggots not going to die, that is, you know, rotting corpses and the fires won't be quenched.

Another example, remember when Jesus said “unless you repent”, which means to rethink, you're all going to perish in the same way. And it was in the context of hearing about pilot executing, some apparently, would be revolutionaries, or protesters in the temple, and a building collapse, in which 18 people were killed. And Jesus says, Look, this is this is Luke, what 13..16?

Jesus says, unless you rethink everything, you're all going to perish in the same way. And somehow we think he's talking about a postmortem hell, when what he's actually saying, unless you rethink this hell bent for destruction, revolution against Rome, you're all going to die by Roman swords and collapsing buildings. Which a generation later they did. And so most of the time, Jesus is warning us about the doom and the fate of self inflicted Gehena(s) that we bring upon ourselves, because we are determined to go contrary to the grain of love.

There is a there is a grain to the universe, because it comes from God who is love. And if we can move with the grain of love, it tends toward human flourishing. But when we go against the grain, we suffer the shards of self inflicted suffering, we can call that the wrath of God, if we like. It's fine. It's biblical language. But at a more sophisticated level, we see that it's really the consequences of going against the way God has ordained and designed the universe to work. And that's love. I'll give you an example. Here. Let me grab a Bible. I'll give you a good example right out of Psalm 7.

In the 7th Psalm, you're going along for the psalm, and you come to this, you come to this passage,

God is a righteous judge, God sits in judgment every day. If they will not repent. God will wet his sword, he will bend his bow and make it ready. He has prepared his weapons of death. He makes his arrow shafts of fire.

Okay, then you stop right. There you go. Okay. So clearly, we see that God is a God of vengeance, employing violence, he wets his sword, he bends his bow, he has weapons of death. But just keep reading. Okay, I keep reading from where I just stopped. The Psalmist goes on.

Look at those who are in labor with wickedness who can see evil and give birth to a lie. They dig a pit and make it deep and fall into the hole that they have made. Their malice turns back upon their own head, their violence falls on their own scalp.

And so first, there's this metaphorical picture of God as a warrior with weapons of death. But as you continue the psalmist switches, and so it's more like this. It's more like people digging a pit for their enemies, but they fall into it themselves. It's more like, it's more like violence has a boomerang effect, and it comes back upon our own lives. And so I understand the wrath of God primarily as divine consent to our own self destructive rebellion.

Seth

And that makes sense. I mean, I know as you, as everyone gets angry, or hateful, or vengeful, and in your personal life, be at work or be in your marriage, whatever things do tend to escalate quickly, and they quickly spiral to a point that you can't repair them.

Brian

Yeah.

Seth

You speak in your book. And there's…I forget where it is. But I didn't know this before I read the book. So Jesus is quoting Isaiah. Yeah, and I don't remember which part of Isaiah, but he only quotes it up to a specific time. And then after that, he just stops,

Brian

right.

Seth

Can you go into that a bit?

Brian

I'm gonna grab another Bible.

I've got them all over the place here, okay. It's Isaiah 61, where it goes like this,

the Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he's anointed me to preach good news to the poor, he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor in the day of vengeance of our God to comfort all who mourn to grant though.

So so it ends with this big, and the day of the vengeance of our God, because Isaiah sees, I mean, this is written during the exile, and he sees a day coming, when there's gonna be a Jubilee for these exiles, that the things are going to turn around and there's going to be good news for the poor. And there's going to be the captives, because they literally the captives, are going to return and they're going to be set free, and their wounds are going to be bound up. And it's going to be the year of the Lord's favor and the day of vengeance of our God, because Isaiah has this idea that the crowning achievement of God's work is to not only deliver us from our enemies, but then to visit violent retribution upon those enemies. Well, very famously, Jesus, after he began his ministry, in Luke 4 returns to his hometown, Nazareth, and we’re told that they heard him gladly.

The Messiah was going to launch this revolution to deliver them from their enemies. That is the the hated Romans who ruled over them and occupy their land. And they like the idea that maybe Messiah could be one of the hometown boys. But when Jesus stands up and reads in the synagogue, he reads it like this,

the Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he's anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind, to set at liberty, all who are oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor,

and he closes the book. I mean, they all know this passage is supposed to be and the day of vengeance of our God, but he just read it. It's like singing the national anthem and singing, or the land of the free and in the end, you stop and everybody's waiting for the home of the brave, you gotta…Jesus doesn't finish it. And they say, well, maybe you know, you're reading too much into that. But Jesus do that on purpose very clearly. Because what then Jesus does in his sermon is draw these two subversive subtexts from the Old Testament, that show God having mercy on Israel's enemies.

And he first tells the story of the Sarah Phoenician woman, the, the widow of Zarephath, in the line of sight. And, and Jesus says in a very provocative way, he says, There were many widows in Israel, but the only one that God provided for in the days of Elijah was this Gentile woman of Sidon. And then he tells another story, that's even more provocative. He said, there were many lepers in Israel in the days of Elisha, but the only one that got healed was not only a Gentile, a Syrian, but he was the general of their most dreaded enemy at the time.

And so Jesus tells the story of the God of Israel having mercy on those that they had been brought up to view as enemies. And did they get the point? Oh, they got the point. And they were furious, and they tried to throw Jesus off of a cliff. Because it's amazing how angry people can be if you try to take away from them their religion of vengeance.

A lot of people cherish the idea that God is going to hate who they hate, and that God's ultimately going to visit violent retribution on those that they deem their enemies. Jesus challenged that and he got driven out of the city and they almost threw him off a cliff for it.

Seth

Well, ultimately got crucified. So I've got I want to be respectful time. So I have a couple smaller questions. Well, one of them probably won't be smaller. But as I've read critiques of yours, the people that seem to absolutely hate this book, are the “five-point hyper Calvinists”,

Brian

and I knew that before I wrote this,

Seth

my question is why? I don't understand what they're losing, by gaining love or Grace?

Brian

You're asking me this question? I don't know. They'll have to answer that themselves. But I will say that I knew, when I wrote this book, I kind of I had a suspicion that it would be well received. And really, it has been, it's been very well received. And I found that very gratifying, on a personal level, but on a more significant level. I am just so happy that the book seems to have gone forth and is doing what I sent it to do. It's helping people it's, it's preserving the capacity for faith in a God that looks like Jesus. But I told the publisher, I told my literary agent, I said, the hardcore five point Calvinists are going to hate this book.

I think because they would have to change their system to some extent. And they're deeply committed to that system. You know, I mean, a five point Calvinist a hardcore I mean, they have a picture of God, that God not only from eternity, the past has appointed, whom you will save. Many people talk about double predestination. Now, there's no such thing as not double I mean, if you're gonna have predestination, and you have a system where you view, you know, Heaven and Hell and, yeah, so they have a system where they believe that the God that Jesus called Allah created the vast majority of human beings so that they can be tortured forever in God's own torture chamber. And as the Calvinist would say it to the glory of God.

Seth

and he'll enjoy it.

Brian

Yeah. But have you ever met a Calvinist that didn't believe they were one of the elect?

Seth

Well, no.

Seth

So it, you know, with that, though, I just don't know how to live with it. You know, I did a debate Austin Fischer and I debated a couple of Calvinists was sponsored by Christianity today. I think it's available online, and they can see it online. It was called. I think it's just called. I don't know, just Google. I will debate the first debate you'll find is my debate on atonement theory. That one's really popular, but I'm not referring to that one. I'm referring to the one in Chicago…just, I can't remember.

Seth

I will. It's you against Austin Fischer or you and Austin Fischer?

Brian

There were four of us and Austin was my debate partner, he was with me and the guys, the guys were good guys. I mean, I liked it. We hung out afterwards and got along fine. I hate their theology, and they know I do.

Seth

I'm sure it's I'm sure that's reciprocal. Um, so to bring it too…I have two questions.

I want to end with Jesus so I'll ask the other first. The world that we live in now and not to put politicize things where you have people that read the Bible in such a way that they're encouraging violence and encouraging Jerusalem being having a capital and whatnot

I mean, I was raised that's called I didn't know it was called dispensationalism until I was older and learned that there were…

Brian

You just thought that it was the Bible

Seth

Yeah, that's just…this is the way that it is

Brian

It’s almost wearing lenses. It's okay to, to read the Bible through a lens, as long as you know you're doing that. The minimalist is someone who is reading the Bible through coke bottle thick glasses and thinks they have perfect vision.

Seth

I think I understand, but I'm sure there are many that would like a different viewpoint, there seems to just be an inherent danger in reading the Bible. That way it seems to encourage things that I don't know are generative for society?

Brian

Well, don't you think there's something a little bit suspicious about asserting that the book of Revelation is plain and clear and simple. And you can read the book of Revelation and understand exactly how it pertains to modern, contemporary, geopolitical events. But when you go to the Sermon on the Mount, you say, “Oh, you know, that's that's, that's difficult to understand”.

Ah, shouldn't be the other way around. Shouldn't be the Sermon on the Mount. It's pretty clear. I see what Jesus is saying here. He says, “Blessed are the peacemakers”, not suspicious are the peacemakers. And Blessed are the peacemakers they'll be called the children of God. And I think, you know, you should interpret the book of Revelation, in the light of the Sermon on the Mount, not the other way around. And, and just you know, so our listeners will know, I have three chapters on the book of Revelation in Sinners in the Hands of Loving God, so I don't skirt that, in fact, is one of my favorite books. If you if you read it, right, I think it's the probably the most timely book we have right now in the Bible, but you have to learn to read it right, you have to read it for what it is. And that is a prophetic critique of the Roman Empire, and us of all Empire.

And if you learn to read it from that vantage point, it's very relevant for today. But if you use it to justify your own, you know, vision of how the world should play out, and justify it to the extent that you believe that God Himself is violent, and therefore there's nothing wrong with assisting God by endorsing violence. Well, you've completely ignored the Jesus of the Gospels to get to that point.

Seth 45:36

Yeah, timely for America or timely for the world?

Brian

Especially America. No, I think the book of Revelation is always extremely relevant for a church that is living in a military economic superpower. So it was relevant for the Christians living in Rome and the first century, or Byzantium in the fourth century or Spain the 15th century or England in the 19th century or American the 20th.

Seth

Okay, so whoever Well, yeah, because I guess the Bible is written for and to have people that were the was the least of these the oppressed, the slaves the people was they're being pressed down upon.

Brian

Yeah. So if you want me just say something really provocative, here's what we have to do. We have to learn to view America, not as a kind of Biblical Israel, but as a kind of Biblical Babylon.

Seth

That's okay. Yeah. That is provocative. So we spoke a bit on hell earlier. And so I wanted to end on what then is the inverse of that, what is salvation?

Brian

Jesus virtually never used the word salvation that noun, he uses it twice, that's all. Paul uses it all the time. What Jesus used all the time when Jesus talked about incessantly, not even incessantly, exclusively, the only thing Jesus ever talked about, in his entire ministry was the Kingdom of God. Everything Jesus did was either an announcement, or an enactment of the Kingdom of God, that was his whole ministry. So Jesus talks about the Kingdom of God, Paul talks about salvation. But here's the thing. They're not talking about two different things. They're talking about the same thing. So what is salvation? Salvation is the Kingdom of God. What is our experience of salvation? It's our own personal experience of beginning to live under the reign and rule of Christ, which involves the forgiveness of sins and the hope of resurrection and things like that.

But what is salvation? It is participating in God's saving action to redeem and set right a world gone wrong through Jesus Christ. The problem is we have made salvation almost exclusively. private, and postmortem. It's just an individual private transaction between me and God. I mean, my relationship with other people has nothing to do with my salvation is just me and God. And it's mostly postmortem, so that I go to heaven and not hell when I die.

Interestingly, as you read the book of Acts, there's about eight sermons in there, depending on which account as a sermon. And the Apostles never make appeals to afterlife issues in their proclamation of the gospel.

So if you can't preach the gospel, without making appeals to afterlife issues, well, then you can't preach the Apostolic gospel. I'm sure they had ideas about it, about the afterlife, but they don't refer to it. It's not at all central to their proclamation, the gospel, their gospel is the world has a new Emperor, a new Lord, and he's the true Savior of the world. And his name is Jesus. And the evidence is that God raised Him from the dead. That's their gospel. So we need to pull away from a privatized, postmortem understanding of the gospel, and return to understanding salvation as a kind of belonging. And that it's, it's very much right now. That we participate in how God is saving the world through Jesus Christ.

Seth

Yeah, that's good. So the book for those listening, go buy the book, it’s not very expensive, it's just just very good book. How else would would would you encourage people to interact with you? And then and then just for a final thought, what would be for pastors, for lay leaders, for deacons, for people questioning what would be one thing that you would say that, that we as a church can, can do to embrace a better, well a better 2018; for lack of a better word, but a better overall Christianity for America?

Brian

You can find me I'm easy to find you just Google me, Brian Zahnd. I’m the only one.

You can find my blog. It's BrianZahnd.com, and I'm active on certain forms of social media. Well, what would I say? I would say, Let's become more Jesus-centric. Let's, let's talk about Jesus. Let's look to Jesus. Let's let our reading of the whole Bible be centered in the Gospels. I embrace the entire scriptures. I read Old Testament, New Testament every day. But I'm rooted in the gospels, because that's where we find Jesus being Jesus, doing what he does. And so I would never have the idea that I should run into the old, see if I hear Jesus say, love your enemies. What I would never do is say, Oh, yeah, but he can’t really mean that because in the Old Testament, God told Joshua to kill all those people. So we see what you're doing that you're using Joshua, to save you from Jesus. Yeah.

And so my plea would be let us be more radically centered on Jesus, let Jesus speak for himself, treat Jesus seriously as a theologian, because it's amazing how many people don't and now, you know, I'm looking at you, Calvinists, who want to use Jesus as a factor in an equation. He's the one you know, that dies on the cross, and they have a certain way of explaining what that means and how their salvation is found in that, but they don't take Jesus seriously as a theologian in his own right. And I would say, let's focus intentionally and intensely on Jesus, and play the Jesus card every chance you get because Jesus is the best thing going. I mean, Christianity's got all kinds of problems, but I stick with it because it has Jesus.

Seth

Good. I think that's as good a spot as any to end it. So thank you, Pastor Zahnd, for your time. I've enjoyed it greatly. I'd love to do it again in the future. Be blessed today. I hope you have a great day.

Brian

Thank you, Seth.

Outro

Thank you so much for listening.

I would encourage I would ask for your feedback, please email us at Can I Say This At Church at gmail.com interact with us on Facebook, and Twitter. Your feedback only helps to make the show better. If you have liked in any way or if you engaged in any way with any of the podcast episodes that you've heard so far, please consider going to our Patreon page, you can find that at Can I Say This At Church calm, there's a big huge button up there. Your donations help so much you are listening to the executive producer editor scheduler emailer and I will continue to this podcast as long as I'm able. I greatly enjoy it. And your help will ensure that we can continue to have these open, honest conversations that we're afraid to have in church as long with people that are educated about those topics. So please consider that like us on Facebook. There is a Facebook group that you can interact with and have conversations with other people that listen like yourselves. It is a fantastic group. So look forward to talking with you there and we will see you on the next episode.

8 - Was Mary A Virgin and Does It Matter with Kyle Roberts / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print.


Intro

Hey, friends, welcome back to another episode of the Can I Say This At Church podcast

Today's topic is going to be uncomfortable and going to stretch you a little bit, but have an open mind. I had the privilege of having a conversation with Dr. Kyle Roberts about his new book titled: A Complicated Pregnancy: Whether Mary was a Virgin and Why it Matters. In this we talked about how this book came to be kind of that story and Kyle's faith and journey about what led him to research this topic, a topic that I don't know, many Christians think about much, we kind of take it for granted.

So a little bit of a backdrop about Kyle. Kyle is the Schilling Professor of Public theology in church and economic life at United Theological Seminary, in the Twin Cities in Minnesota. Robert has published essays on Kierkegaard and modern theology has recently completed and co authored a commentary on the Gospel of Matthew at United Roberts teaches public theology, Christian ethics, historical theology, which is huge because the history in the Bible is just so important and can't be passed over. I'll stop talking. Let's get into this.

Seth

So, welcome to another episode of the Can I Say This At Church podcast. I am joined today by Dr. Kyle Roberts from United Theological Seminary in the Twin Cities he's in that's in Minnesota, correct Kyle?

Kyle

That's correct.

Seth

Awesome.

Well, I appreciate you very much being here taking time out of your schedule, I'm sure. Your semesters wrapping up site, I greatly appreciate you taking the time to to come on.

Kyle

No problem. I always enjoy talking about my book.

Seth

The book in question is, is called a complicated pregnancy Whether Mary was a virgin and why it matters, which is quite the long subtitle, but um, is this your first book? I don't believe that it is, correct?

Kyle

Correct. I wrote a book a few years back on Soren Kierkegaard, the Danish philosopher and connection to the contemporary relevance for the church called Emerging Prophet characterized the postmodern people of God. And I've also recently completed a commentary co authored commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. So that'll be coming up next September. So you can have you back on and if you'd like, absolutely. Yeah, I will set before we let you go today,

Seth

For those that are unfamiliar with you, can you just briefly start with just a bit about yourself kind of how you came to the faith and how you came to be doing the work that you do today?

Kyle

Sure, so I was a pastor's kid. And my dad was a pastor. My granddad was pastor, very, you know, more conservative, Southern Baptist upbringing, went to evangelical seminaries for my theological degrees, taught at an evangelical Seminary in Minnesota for about nine years; it was my first full time teaching job. Over the years, particularly in in those years of teaching, and researching. My theology started to change a bit and become more progressive. I talked about that the beginning of the book a little bit. So I was on a theological journey, and, you know, things unrelated, necessarily to the question of whether Mary was a Virgin, but connected, same time and other ways, biblical authority, meaning of salvation, who Jesus was, and is for us, and all those kinds of things.

And so I switched to United started teaching at United about four years ago, which is an ecumenical, progressive, progressive or liberal, mainline Protestant seminary, so very different context. But a really good place to explore a question like this. And so that came about, I'd written a blog post, about three years ago, on this question, back then I took a different conclusion, more traditional conclusion to the question.

And then got a contract to write a book offer on the on the topic. In the midst of researching for that book, my mind started changed on the on the subject, realized the book was going to be very different than what I intended. Which after a little bit of conversation, the editor was okay with. And so here we are, the book is a product of have a twist and turn in my own kind of theological and faith journey. And I, you know, I let a lot of that story out kind of here and there throughout throughout the book.

Seth

So what would you then say is, I guess in your mind, a progressive, but still Protestant? Christian?

Kyle

Hmm.

Well, yeah, that's a huge question. Progressive, Protestant, Christian. Well, for one thing to be Protestant, means to be always reforming. That's the spirit of the Protestant Reformation, that received theologies, receive doctrines, while, while important, are always open to revision in light of what we may discover scripture to actually be saying or teaching.

So I think that what I've done is a very Protestant kind of thing to do. And that is to look at a theological topic or low sigh or, you know, even cherished theological phrase like born of the Virgin Mary, and reconsider it in light of contemporary knowledge. Science about, you know, biology and history, historical knowledge, but also just the diversity of Scripture itself on the topic, and the theological concept of the incarnation.

So I think to be a Protestant Christian is to be open to reevaluating, and to receive theologies while not dismissing the tradition, whimsically, or arbitrarily, but ultimately to if I can just refer to Kierkegaard one of my theological hero's, it's the follow Christ, not a doctrine. And so it's following a living person. Yeah. Yeah. That's discipleship. Yeah.

Seth

And that's hard. I can tell you personally, especially after starting this, but it's one of the reasons I started this podcast is, I quickly found out if you kick someone's pillars of whatever their personal faith is, people get mad, fast.

Kyle

Oh, yeah.

Seth

Um, yeah, this, this book is definitely on that. I don't know what I was expecting going into reading it. And I still don't know where I'm at just recently finishing it. But I will say, I, it was not what I expected. And I greatly enjoyed it. So the topic at hand of discussing Mary's virginity, or the incarnation of Christ, especially this close to Christmas, is definitely something that people would question whether or not they could say at church. So you referenced your blog post. And I did read that from a few years ago. Was that just a whim? Was that a group effort of guys, we we need to get together? We need to talk about this. It's important, or was it just a, this is something rattling around in my head? What made you actually start down the conversation to begin with?

Kyle

Yeah, that was a conversation and dialogue that was initiated by the, the channel manager, the progressive Christian channel manager of Patheos, where I, I blog, and she, at the time was the manager, and she said, hey, let's, let's have these four people, you four people, write different perspectives, different takes on the Christmas story.

And so we all kind of came up with our different opening question, and then respond to each other's to each other's original posts. So I don't recall exactly what prompted this particular question for me. But it was one of those things that, you know, I hadn't looked at this closely before. I, it's just something I'd always assumed and not reflected upon, theologically or, you know, historically, so on. So I started digging into it. And, and the questions that emerged, I thought were very profound. And in the context of that one post, I wasn't able to explore them as deeply as I wanted to, which then, you know, led to the book project.

Seth

Yeah. I find it odd, and you said it a minute ago that you know, you went through seminary raised a pastor's kid you're trying to teach. And it isn't until you start teaching that you begin to, I guess, rethink things. I find it odd that, that nowhere in seminary, and I have other friends that have been in seminary, and they echo the same thing that you just you wait until you're on the other end, and you're like, why didn't we talk about this? 10 years ago?

Kyle

Yeah,

Seth

this would have been helpful.

Kyle

Now of course, that's not true for a lot of people who go to seminary and more, liberal seminaries, where they do encounter a lot of these sorts of questions and rethinking things. It just happened to be the ones I went to for whatever reasons, you know, of course, we explore different kinds of questions. But this wasn't one that was open to investigation, at least not from a, you know, we can actually, we can actually rethink this.

Seth 10:21

So, so to get to the matter at hand.

What I've been not trying to avoid, but afraid to start down the road of us. So you talk a lot about Mary, Jesus, and even Mary and other cultures in your book. And so I want to try to ride the line of just enough information, that people go out and get the book. So that's kind of my intention here. So what, what is the idea of a virgin birth, really intended, I guess, in your view to mean?

Kyle

Yeah, and so we first have to distinguish between a virgin birth and a virginal conception.

Because the virgin birth came to mean something a little bit distinctive. In the early church tradition, where the birth or the delivery of the baby was assumed by many theologians to be virginal, meaning that Mary remains biologically a virgin. Her hymen is, is untouched and Unviolated through the birth she she is a perpetual virgin, those kinds of things. And so the virgin birth took on a different significance or an added significance to the virginal conception. And that's this idea that the Holy Spirit does whatever the Spirit does, in Mary to make her, pregnant. To give life to this baby, Jesus says, I go to which would become Jesus Nazareth.

So that conception, was assumed to be miraculous, supernatural signified by the fact that Mary had not had sexual relations before she became pregnant. And so the two biblical accounts of Matthew and Luke, they don't really dwell on the significance of men, Mary's virginity other than a sort of, to say, to signal that God did something special and miraculous that there was an interruption of history and of nature, and of biology by God, to bring about the entrance of the Messiah, you know, of the Christ, into history in this remarkable way.

It really wasn’t in the gospels, as far as I can see or tell, it's not really about Mary's sexual purity. It's about God's God's power, and God's presence to his people. In the early church tradition, after the typical accounts, we then have this development, where Mary's sexuality or sexual purity specifically, it becomes the thing that's really highlighted in the story. And then she is this paragon of virtue paragon of purity, the ideal, you know, to which all Christians should aspire? And of course, we have Jesus too playing that role for men. And to and to some extent, Joseph also, but yeah, there are layers and layers of meaning that get added on to the original biblical accounts, the infancy Gospels.

And what we get handed then looks very different from what's actually there in the original gospel texts. Yeah, I found it fascinating just from a, just just from a historical, theological perspective, to see how doctrine develops, changes morphs, and layers of meaning get added and added and added over time, which at some point, you go, Okay, wait a minute. Let's, let's look at this again, rethink what's actually going on?

Seth

Yeah, and there seems to be a lot of that, especially in today's day and age, it's odd that I feel like I'm not the only person having these questions. It seems to be so many people, and I think research from you know, Pew, and other organizations embraces that, that I'm not the minority. I just happen to have a laptop. But that purity theme, I mean, that's still the, that's still the bar today, it seems like, you know, for everything, the, you know, your women stay this way, because that's the way it needs to be and I'm fine with that, especially because I have two daughters, and I'm fine with that as a father. You make a case that, that the early church has, for some reason, sanitized the aspect of the, the actual birth.

And I read through those a little bit, I'd like you to talk a little bit cuz I'm still slightly confused, in the reason for the sanitation. But I also think, being that I was president for all three of my children. There is a lot of brokenness, but also a lot of beauty, when those babies come out, and maybe I'm biased, because I was technically the first person before my wife to see them. But I don't feel like I'm bias. I mean, there's a lot of glory in that.

Kyle

Yeah, you know, my first chapter is called Beautiful Blood, and it's my own experiences, being there in the delivery room, and, like, having an aversion to blood, myself, but no problem with it, right there when the baby was born, and because it is, you know, you see it and see it all in a very different light, through the splendor, the wonder the joy of, of this child coming into the world, that's your own.

And there was an this early debate about whether Jesus, as a baby, when he was born, actually experienced, the blood of the birth experience, the biological messiness, so to speak, of delivery. And some theologians just really thought that there's no way Mary would have experienced pain. There's no way Jesus would have, as a baby, been solely delivered via biological fluids, it would have been a sort of pure, miraculous, Supernatural, like, appearing of Jesus outside, you know, like, like a smooth transition, that Jesus was protected.

From biology, and what I argue there is that that's a very gnostic, or dosetic. The tendency, which is to say that the body is inherently flawed, human body is kind of thoroughly, deeply sinful, and that God would not have been sullied by the disgusting elements of the human body. So there's probably some psychology of disgust going on there, you know, which you talk about a bit, but also just the theology that was supposed to carry over from kind of Greek philosophical dualism, which elevates spirit over body, and if God is spirit, then the worst parts of the body must have elevated him.

And despite themselves, you know, the early church theologians didn't want to be docetic. They wanted to critique that kind of perspective.

Seth

Right.

Kyle

But I think they ended up falling in the same traps that that they accused others of falling into. And so it's hard to say what all the reasons for that on and you've got an Augustine view of the intertwining of sex and sin. And so Jesus surely would not have been born through, conceived through, human sexuality because then Jesus would have had transmitted to him the, you know, the original sin, which descended all the way from Adam and Eve through procreation, so sex and sin, were all tied up in the body and was inherently flawed. And so you've got the sanitized delivery, and then a spiritual country? Uh huh. But that's a short way of putting a long complicated story.

Seth 19:06

So, it when you reference Augustine, and I will say my literal inerrantist, version of the Bible, and I went full disclosure, I went to Liberty at one point and, and that is gone. And so I feel like once I no longer and I no longer read the Scriptures that way. But if you read Genesis, not as six days and everything is so literal, it read it more as I think the author is intended to be read. I don't see how, obviously Augustine is extremely smart guy. So I don't see how they can come to that conclusion that it was is there a vested self interest and then doing that for the time in history that they lived in?

Kyle

In general, are you thinking of Augustine’s theology of original sin?

Seth

Yeah,

Kyle

Yeah. Well, I think there you do see the, the way that personal experience, shapes theological and biblical interpretation. Augustine himself, you know, kind of lived a fairly wild party life, let's say before he his conversion to Christianity, and still, you know, struggled with a lot of guilt over that, and kind of deep, deep sense of emotional sense of his own depravity. And so he may have read a lot of that into his view of human nature and the soul, and all of that.

So you do see how personal context and experience can shape the things you emphasize. But he was working with a faulty translation of Romans 5, which led him to interpret the spreading of sin to all men, all people, in a way that the more accurate translation would not have resulted in the same conclusion. And so, again, that little piece that bit is there in the book as well. But yeah, he was brilliant, he was obviously brilliant. And, you know, it's, it's amazing to read his work and, and just how prolific he was, and how thoughtful so much of his theology was, but it's also a good reminder that we are all influenced by our context and our worldviews and our buying our experience. Yeah. And our bias.

Seth

Yeah. I said it was perfect was a guy the other day, I think I read it from Walter Bruggemann. And I'll probably have to edit this out, because I feel like I've said it often is, I read somewhere that he wrote that we all read Scripture with our vested self interest at hand, like there's not a way to not do that. And we just have to be able to check that.

So the, you talk a little bit about curse theology, and that is something that I'd never heard before reading it. Can you explain what you mean a bit by that and you were referencing I think, from memory? A guy named…Ambrose Father….Father, somebody? Can you go through that a little bit?

Kyle

Yeah, reverse the curse. Yeah, so it's a curse of the fall, that suffer the sins of Adam and Eve in the garden. So you've got the fall, they, they, you know, listen to the serpent, they disobey God. And then there's this curse, that Genesis three, God lays out for them. And one of those curses is, of course, that the man will, and his descendants will struggle to, to reap produce from the soil, and, you know, will essentially struggle with work and, and harvesting food.

And, you know, that's the gist of it. And then the woman will, the curse of the woman is as the pain of childbirth. So this is I guess another answer to your earlier question, why early theologians were averse to the to Jesus, having gone through the pain, having gone through a normal biological birth or delivery, is that the idea here in the reverse the curse theology, is that the curse of Adam and Eve, frustration with produce and the land. And for women, the pain of childbirth, gets reversed, with Mary, and with Jesus. So you have this restoration. You've got Jesus bringing redemption, to the world to humanity, overcoming the effects of sin, you know, bringing the grace of God into the world, changing the dynamics of our experience of life, through salvation. And then Mary herself experiences that salvation from Jesus, even as she gives birth to Jesus. So the Celtic work of Jesus is applied to Mary kind of retroactively, even before she delivers Jesus, and you know, in the birth. So therefore, she experiences no pain, because that that curse has been removed. That’s a fascinating theological move,

Seth

Well that’s good for Mary. Because I know my wife was not was, was not happy. Not happy at all.

So is there anywhere else? I guess. And this might not be a fair question. So as I did a bit of research, and I did not know this before this, this research, and you allude briefly to it. So, Christ is apparently not the only, “person” or deity that's been born of a virgin. So do you feel like that was co opted by the early church fathers as a way to make sure there was there was do praise?

Kyle

Well, the church fathers have the two Biblical gospels already. And so they didn't come up with the story. I mean, you know, Origen and Irenaeus and Augustine and so on, they already had the infancy narratives of Matthew and Luke. But yes, it's true that when you look at comparative religious texts from wherever, whether it's Egypt, or, you know, that Babylon or the Greco-Roman mythologies, even stories about historical figures, like Alexander the Great, and Plato, you know, they all had some kind of miraculous, supernatural conception of some sort or other.

Alexander the Great’s mother supposedly was struck in the womb by a lightning bolt from Zeus. And there's Alexander in the womb, and, you know, all kinds of stories like that. So you do have to think about that, and wonder what that means, what the implications of that are for how we read, you know, the genre, this, this? These are the origin stories of Jesus. At one point, I thought about putting something like that as the subtitle you know, the origin of Jesus, you know, the Son of God? Because it's a powerful way of communicating the significance of an important life. Yeah, a religious figure. And that's…that's just what they did. So it makes a lot of sense that this amazing person, Jesus of Nazareth, who did all those wonderful things, said all those, you know, great truths, died on a cross was resurrected from the dead. That over time, as the stories about Jesus were circulated among the early Christian communities, and naturally would have developed a story about his birth, that would have been remarkable. It's not like, we look at that today from the way we, we emphasize facts, actuality, history, kind of a straight reporting. Well, we have fake news and all that these days.

You know, we're not a mythological society and that respect. But that's the way they did it back then. And so that story would have come about probably naturally, organically, as the stories about Jesus get told and retold. But what it came about later, after the stories of his life and teachings and resurrection, and death and resurrection, it was a later edition. We don't have it in the Gospel of Mark the earliest the Gospels, we don't have it in Paul's letters, the earliest of the New Testament writings. And so it's seems pretty clear that that's an addition to the story of Jesus, that comes along to help underscore his significance.

Seth 29:17

Is there any historical evidence for Christ being born of a virgin?

Kyle

Being born of a virgin or

Seth

Mary being a virgin? I probably said it not right

Kyle

No, the only evidence would be, you know, these gospel stories. And you can make arguments on either side of will, you know, how, how did they get there? And why are there some similarities between Matthew and Luke? You know, Raymond Brown is probably the best source on the sources of issues. And he goes through all of the arguments, the debates, the rationale for and against kind of thinking of these stories as historical. And ultimately, he argues that it's inconclusive either way. Yeah. Now you basically have to make a, you know, you have to make your own judgment, of course, I think for for and it's not like he says, It's inconclusive, equally. I think he just says that there's not a, you know, open and shut case closed sort of thing that there's room to make, you have to make a judgment. I think that the bulk of the evidence leans toward the virgin birth stories as not being literal, historical; and so we have freedom to interpret more through the grid of the ancient context in which they were written, which is more mythological, than the meaning being more theological. Sure.

Seth

So you, you alluded it to it a minute ago. And I think it hinges on what you just said. So, you know, Mark, and john, they don't even really mention Jesus, until he's an adult and in his ministry, and Paul, who most of the churches today govern the I think that's all they preach is Paul for the most part, and I didn't really talk about it. So does I guess, to use a Pauline term a Christology, or the the crux of Christianity hinge on whether or not Mary's a virgin?

Kyle

Absolutely not, I would say.

In fact, you know, if you think of what Christ means, Christ means Messiah or, you know, the smeared one, the anointed one with oil, and to be the Messiah, Jesus had to have come from the line of lineage of David. And how did it you? How would the lineage of David have gotten all the way to Jesus, who would have gotten there through Joseph, who was descended from the line of David, according to our genealogies that we have, it wasn't Mary. And so if the line, biologically is descended through, ultimately through Joseph to Jesus, how does that get there? If Joseph was not involved biologically, in the conception? So I think, Paul, who really, you know, has this high Christology? I think, for Paul, the Incarnation is really important, but also the origins of Jesus's lineage. I think he assumes a normal human conception by Joseph, that you know, Joseph and Mary. Now, it's impossible to say for sure, but what else?

Seth 33:00

What Scripture would you base that assumption on?

Kyle

Well, I think for one, there's just complete lack of reference to a virgin birth, or to Mary by name, as the mother in any of Paul's writings. But in Romans, 1:3 we have the the seed of David, descended from David. That's one example. And there's another Galations and a few other places that kind of trace Jesus back through as the Royal Messiah through this messianic line. And so that's in my Bible chapter, a couple of texts there.

But theologically speaking, the Incarnation figures pretty prominently in Paul. And the real crux of the argument of the book for me; and a real turning point for me, was when I began to understand that if Jesus was truly the incarnation of God of the Word, the Logos, the second person of the Trinity, becomes flesh becomes human is Jesus of Nazareth, then it really doesn't make a lot of sense from a contemporary standpoint, that that that the mechanism would be a virginal conception.

Because Jesus had to be fully human. Like you and like me, that's the point of the incarnation. Right? And so to be fully human, how do you get to be fully human? You are conceived in a way that all humans are conceived. That's what makes us human, that we've got a male biological father, and we have a female biological mother. And the two come together, we know how that how that happens. I think most your listeners do. The sperm meets the egg, you know and there's fertilization and a life emerges.

And so to get a human to have an incarnation seems to me. Now, you could say, well, God can do whatever God wants. And you know, I agree with that. I agree with that in principle, but you know, just thinking about what, what the Incarnation means, and what is it what it entails? Seems to me, we almost have to choose, and really do have to choose, in some respects, between a real incarnation of Christology and holding on to a virgin birth or virginal conception. Yeah. And so I want to go with the incarnation.

Seth

What would you say to people that say, “if you're going to throw out the virgin birth, and we're just gonna have to throw out the resurrection”, because I've gotten that, actually today from a friend of mine saying, you know, well, if you're gonna throw out one then we can't trust anything. So why not just be atheist?

What would you say to that?

Kyle

Yeah, it's, I think it's, it's the most natural, and probably most important question that comes up. When I talk about this book to believe in Christians. I have a couple of responses to that. And one is that, you know, this is a slippery slope argument. Alright, if you want to start down that slope, you know, where you're going to end up? You're gonna be in the pit of hell, you're here, you're going to lose all of your beliefs.

My first argument is that really, we're probably all already on a slippery slope. If you look at various ways we interpret parts of Scripture. Not all of that is probably literally, we don't apply it all literally. Most women don't wear head coverings in church, for example. A lot of us, and probably many of your listeners, for sure, I would guess, don't take a literal interpretation of Genesis 1, you know, read and understand the emergence of the universe, as having taken place in 6 - 24 hour days. So we've kind of already are doing that sort of thing. Now, this is asking a lot of people perhaps to this getting close to Jesus. It’s about Jesus so that there's a more anxiety probably that's triggered around letting go of that. That so that's my first response is we're already on a slippery slope.

My second response is that there's a difference between the Incarnation and the resurrection, that I think is significant about my argument, particular. Which is that to argue that we should or could leave behind a literal understanding of the virgin birth, on the basis of a theology of the Incarnation is to say that Jesus, in the incarnation, experiences human life in the same way that we do, that it's consistent with the incarnation theology for Jesus to have been conceived in a human way. The primary thrust of my argument is not De-mythologizing. It's not on the basis of science alone or history alone.

So when you get to the resurrection, I don't think that there's any contradiction or conflict with the notion of the incarnation, and the resurrection stories. Because in the resurrection, Jesus becomes what human beings, all of us, may one day eventually become. That is a transformation into a resurrected body. So there is no inherent conflict between the notion of a resurrection and the notion of the theology of the incarnation. That to me, is the big distinguisher between these two doctrines. And that's why I don't think leaving the virgin birth behind, leads you automatically to leave the resurrection behind to

Seth

Yeah, so I have two more major questions. And I passed over big portions of the book on purpose, I want to make sure we don't, we don't break it all down. But I do have two more questions. And I'd like to ask the harder one first, and end with I think, hopefully, a less tense one.

So Mary, obviously is young. And I know tracing through my own genealogy. I found many, if you go back to many generations of husbands marrying the same wives, a lot of women being married at 14 having a baby dying at 18. And, you know, just a lot of that. So being that I'm the father of two girls, I can't see how it would be appropriate. If now is the time that Christ came and my daughter was approached as a 12 year old of which she's currently five; so I've got some time, and that being okay. so I've had some, some some feminists people asked me, you know, say that, that that just doesn't sit. Right, that it's being taken advantage of someone that probably doesn't know any better, just psychologically, not knowing any better. So I was hoping and you touch on it briefly in the book was hoping you could you could give it a little bit on that now.

Kyle

Yeah, it's a it's hugely important question. And that is, it's one that as a society as a culture we're facing right now we're dealing with the questions of consent, and power differential and, and, you know, sexual relationships and so forth. We obviously just had the kind of Alabama Yeah, Senate Senate election and Roy Moore, and you had somebody tweeting, in defensive of Roy Moore, you know, Joseph was an older man and Mary was a teenager. So what's the big deal?

Seth

He should lose his internet privileges, that was horrible.

Kyle

So I think it's, it's absolutely as I point out in the book appropriate to raise the question of consent, one because of Mary's likely young age. That's, this is what happened in the first century context of Jewish world that if you were marriageable, if you were of age, so to speak, then you were marriageable, right? Lives were shorter, and so on, everything was kind of sped up. So there is that context and I think we have to keep that in mind.

At the same time, the story is such that it raises questions for us now, looking back, you know, the messenger, the divine messenger, Gabriel, and in one story, named and another, comes to Mary and basically announces, proclaims, that she will bear a child. That her body will be used by God. And and, you know, there's no question there. It's not a request, as I read it, it's an announcement. And I think that should trouble us a bit, it should make us think a little bit about, about what was going on there, the meaning of that, how we read that story today. What that communicates to young girls, especially. I think we need to understand, first of all, it was a different time, a different context.

And second of all, this is another reason why deconstructing the text, the story is really important. Did it really happen this way? We don't know. What if it happened to her in a very different way than the story communicates. And I think that that helps us help people to kind of destabilized the text in a way that opens us up to more liberative as possible abilities. You know, perhaps instead of emphasizing the, the passive acquiescence of Mary, to the divine figure, to use her body, for God's purposes, we emphasize instead the Mary of the Magnificat who proclaims for wonder that God has chosen her to be a part of the process of the historical, and cultural, and political, and economic, redemption of her people. You know that that's a different take. And one that often gets overlooked with the Mary did you know theology

Seth

My worship pastor and I, we go back and forth on that song, I lead the worship at my church, and I'm all the times I'm like, I can't sing this song. They, if they told her, this is a big deal. Of course, she knew. Come on now. But he's like, what we're singing anyway. I can't. How does your people that say, you know, that's fine, we can entertain this, but then that negates all of the prophecies and say, Isaiah or some of the other prophecies that say, you know, Christ had to come from a virgin or Christ had to come from here. So what would be an answer to those that say, to that prophecy question?

Kyle

Yeah, well, Biblical prophecy is really, this is one thing I actually did learn in seminary. Prophecy is really mainly not foretelling the future, but forth-telling God's coming judgment. You know, if you people don't shape up, and change your ways, God's going to unleash a torrent of Godly discipline on you through the Assyrians, or Babylonians, or whatever.

The Isaiah 7:14 passage that you are thinking of that Matthew then takes up and uses is actually a Greek translation of the original Hebrew text. The original Hebrew text doesn't have the word virgin in it, and it didn't certainly didn't have the birth of Jesus in, you know, foretold in mind. It had its own more immediate context in mind, and would have been fulfilled long before Jesus came onto the scene. So the word there that was then translated Virgin in the Greek is originally young woman or young madien, and it doesn't have the same connotation with the same reference point.

So Matthew was doing some creative utilizing, which Biblical writers often did, you know, they would use texts from the Hebrew Bible, incorporate them into their own kind of for their own theological purposes. And it was natural and right to do that for them. But then we, you know, when we read that now, we understand that that's what was going on that that this wasn't actually a for a specific foretelling. The other thing that I would quickly add, is that, you know, I, I am not arguing and I don't argue that Jesus was not born in, in this context, and that, that nothing about the infancy narratives are historical.

What I try to point out is that there's probably a middle ground between sort of complete literal fact-icity. You know, mythological elements, somewhere in between is the truth. You know, that Jesus was born, Joseph and Mary, were the parents probably, biologically, Jesus probably then was born or spent some time in Bethlehem. So, you know, who knows what the actual historical events are. But I try to just set us free to have a more flexible manger scene. Which we do anyway, because we're already picking and choosing between events and stories, and Matthew and Luke, which don't sync up perfectly, they don't match up. So we have to already do that work of picking and choosing our infancy narrative, our manger scene. I'm just suggesting we may need to do more of that than we’ve already done.

Seth

Yeah, and I think churches today and movies today, my family and I just went to see the star. I don't know if you've seen it, it, it navigates in between the two. And I didn't really realize it until recently. Like, it tells the story from the point of view of the donkey, which is cute for a kids movie, and it sticks fairly close, but it navigates like, it's one huge story. And it takes pieces of this and pieces of that and puts it all together. Which is I guess it's fine. It's intended for a much younger audience. So, I would like to be respectful of the rest of your afternoon. So before we go, the name of the book this right now we're for A Complicated Pregnancy, where would we direct people to get that and then as well as your next book that you reference it to beginning, kind of go over that a little bit. And when we can expect that and how we can find you and communicate with you going forward?

Kyle

Yeah, the book Complicated Pregnancy is available on Amazon. So you just put in the title and my name, and it’ll come right up. That's the best way to buy it, or at least it's the cheapest way to get it they always have a sale going on. You can also get it through the directly to the publisher fortress press. You'll pay full full retail there. But yeah, those are the two and then my previous book, if anyone's interested in Kierkegaard and post modernism and all that it's called Emerging Prophet. And it's also available on Amazon, or you can find both under my author page there at Amazon, the commentary will be out not until next fall. So that'll I'm sure be Amazon as well

Seth

And that is on Matthew.

Kyle

Yeah, it's on Matthew. Okay. And in and I'm blog I blog a little bit still. So I'm a systematic theology on path Eos. So you can just Google that and, and contact me through email, as well. KyleARoberts@gmail.com if you have questions, and be happy to respond.

Seth

Fantastic. Well, I will say, like I referenced at the beginning, this is a big topic, and I was I'm still a little nervous about it. Um, but I am. It is, it's worth discussing. It's worth it's worth deconstructing and thinking about. So again, thank you for your time. I've greatly enjoyed it.

Kyle

Thank you, Seth, for having me on. It's fun to talk about.

Outro

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